Why was the Nile River important for the rise of successful states in Essay

Why was the Nile River important for the rise of successful states in North Africa - Essay Example The river flows for more than 4000 miles through the Sahara desert, farmlands, swamps, villages, and large cities. Across its length, the Nile divides into several streams to form a delta before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is regarded as international waters shared among countries along its source, flow, and mouth including Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt. Since time in memorial, rivers have shaped the course of human history creating and sustaining great civilisations along its banks. River Nile is the birthplace of the greatest civilisations in the ancient world in Northern Africa and its importance remains vital to date. This paper seeks to highlight the importance of the Nile River for the rise of successful states in North Africa. The Nile forms large water basin along its length that has proven essential to nations in North Africa. The Sahara desert extends to nations serviced by river Nile including Egypt and Sudan creating varying climate regions. In North Africa, Egypt and Sudan receive sparse rainfall while as the south receives heavy downpour, contributing flooding in the north. The floodwaters drain to the north carrying with them fertile soil that formed the foundation of life in North Africa. The regular flooding of the Nile River emptied in valleys leaving them highly fertile and ready for growing season. Ancient civilisations established farming techniques to cater for their population, providing enough food for consumption and excess for trade purposes. Besides the fertile lands, river Nile provided water for irrigation purposes in farms along the river during the dry season. Farmers practised basin irrigation, which was a prolific adjustment of the natural rise and fall of the river where they regulated the flow of floodwaters into the basin through a network of earthen banks along the river. Irrigation allowed cultivation of large tracks of land even during the dry summer to provide food fo r the emerging civilisation. This saw a significant expansion of agricultural practices making Egypt and surrounding settlements the breadbasket for other civilisations such as the Roman Empire. Agricultural production received a boost with the construction of the Aswan High Dam, which saw the water harnessed for irrigation purposes leading to increased food production (Awulachew et al 12). The farmers cultivated wheat, barley, flax, and vegetables while rearing fowl, cattle, sheep, and goats. Agriculture played an important role in the economies of countries along the Nile basin by providing food to sustain the population. The existing government became wealthy and strong among the neighbouring nations leading to prosperity among its population. Owing to the increased production of food, there was an influx of population along the river valleys. The increase in population necessitated amicable governance for a harmonious existence. In addition, the population increase strained avai lable resources leading to the expansion of the existing settlements to accommodate new families. This contributed to the establishment of towns and cities along the fertile valleys of river Nile and with the intensified population growth, the leaders established territories governed through stratified government organs. The Nile River provides a stable source of water for both domestic and industrial use, which ensured a low cost of production of goods and services translating to increased efficiency and level of production. In regard to this, the economy thrives owing social security creating unlimited potential in terms of growth. This is especially because the government can focus on other economic sectors by committing large

Physician Query Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physician Query - Essay Example HOSPITAL COURSE AND TREATMENT: The patient was admitted and started on Lovenox and nitroglycerin paste. The patient had serial cardiac enzymes and ruled out for myocardial infarction. The patient underwent a dual isotope stress test. There was no evidence of reversible ischemia on the Cardiolite scan. The patient has been ambulated. The patient had a Holter monitor placed but the report is not available at this time. The patient has remained hemodynamically stable. Will discharge. Please review the documentation in the patient medical record on the Discharge Summary (appended as Annexure II) to ensure coding compliance and accuracy. You are requested to address the query, include the missing information and return the query (duly dated and signed). The query form will become a part of the physician’s documentation in the patient’s medical record. INTERVENTIONS: A developmentally appropriate, group-oriented therapy program was the primary treatment modality. The attending psychiatrist provided evaluation for and management of psychotropic medications. The clinical therapist facilitated individual, group, and family therapy. COURSE IN HOSPITAL: The patient was in the hospital from 06/11/09 until 07/13/09. The most prominent symptoms and behaviors while the patient was here were the following: Perceptual disturbances, strange thoughts, he was suspicious at times, at some point he was complaining of audiovisual hallucinations. He was quiet showing a flat affect, irritable, anxious and depressed moods, tearful at times, homesick, limited interaction with peers. He was attending groups, however, was showing limited participation. He was superficial, not really working too much on her issues, more focused on how soon she was going to be discharged more than working on her issues. He stated "strange feelings and sensations". The patient has shown some improvement in general. However, he is not completely stable yet, and he

Of Mice And Men Essays -- essays research papers

Every day, people are faced with responsibility. Some thrive under the pressure while others crumble. Responsibility is a sign of independence. Teenagers with greater amounts of responsibility feel freedom from their parents. In the same case, too much responsibility can put more stress on that freedom-seeking teen and can have devastating effects. John Steinbeck shows the theme that in life, responsibility is best taken in moderation in his novel Of Mice and Men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Of Mice and Men, George shows the weight of responsibility on taking care of Lennie. George knows he could be better off without Lennie. â€Å"When I think of the swell time I could have without you, I go nuts,† George finally expresses. He even tells the other farm hands, â€Å"If I was alone, I could live so easy.† George often keeps his â€Å"single like† in the back of his mind. Even so, George stands up for Lennie many times. His advice is always in Lennie’s best interest. He watches out for Lennie when he keeps hold of Lennie’s work card and bus pass. George also knows that he and Lennie wouldn’t have jobs if he didn’t make Lennie keep quiet. Lennie cannot take care of himself without George. With George watching out for Lennie like he does, Lennie’s mishaps can also have detrimental effects on George’s life. George loses his job and his best friend because of his connection with George.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lennie also exemplifies the theme by the way he wants to and physically car...

Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman (cited) Essay

Willy and Nora: Tragic Heroes or Home-wreckers? No one has a perfect life. Despite what Aaron Spelling and his friends in the media might project to society today, no one’s life is perfect. Everyone has conflicts that they must face sooner or later. The ways in which people deal with these conflicts can be just as varied as the people themselves. Some procrastinate and ignore their problems as long as they can, while others attack problems to get them out of the way as soon as possible. The Lowman and Helmer families have a number of problems that they deal with in different ways, which proves their similarities and differences. Both Willy Loman, the protagonist of Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman and Nora Helmer, protagonist of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House experience an epiphany where they realize that they were not the person the thought they were: while Willy’s catharsis brings about his death, Nora’s brings her to a new life; hers. Bo th character’s flaws bring about their departure from their respective families as well. They are both overly concerned with the appearances they and their families present to society: as a result they both project false images to others. From their appearance, both seem to be involved in stable marriages and appear to be going places. Willy’s job as a traveling salesman seems stable (although we never know what it is he sells) when he tells his family that he â€Å"knocked ’em cold in Providence, slaughtered ’em in Boston† (Miller 1228). It is not until Willy’s wife, Linda tells us that he â€Å"drives 700 miles and when he gets there, no one knows him any more, no one welcomes him† (Miller 1241). If that’s not enough to convince readers of his failure on the job, the fact that he gets fired after working for the same company for 36 years cements his incompetency in the business world to readers. While Nora does not work in the business world, (few woman, if any did over 120 years ago) her failure to take care of her responsibilities becomes quite evident as well. See more: citing an essay When the play opens and Nora enters with a Christmas tree and presents for the children, she gives off the impression of a good mother trying hard to prepare a great Christmas for her family. Upon further analysis we see that Nora’s duties, in general, are restricted to caring for the children, doing housework, and working on her needlepoint. Nora cannot complete these duties even with the full-time help of Anne Marie, a housekeeper who cleans up after Nora just as much as the children. When Nora and Kristine are having a discussion towards  the start of the play, Nora informs her friend that, â€Å"I’m so happy and relieved [with my marriage]. I must say its lovely to have plenty of money and not have to worry. Isn’t it?† (Ibsen 1119). The rosy picture she painted of her family and marriage are in stark contrast to the â€Å"stranger of a man† (Ibsen 1168) she refers to her husband as. We realize that she had not been living her life at all; rath er the life that her husband wanted her to live. While both Willy and Nora succeed in giving of the appearance of being competent, efficient and helpful family members who contribute to the well being of their respective families, they prove otherwise as the plays progress. While the two plays take place nearly 100 years apart, are set on different continents and each have completely different family members, both engage in lies and deceit that hurt their families; after which each protagonist leaves their family. Not only does Willy lie about his performance on the job, he lies about his â€Å"faulty car† as well. He tells his family that the Studebaker keeps malfunctioning when in reality we find out through Linda that he has been deliberately trying to kill himself. The biggest way in which Loman deceives his family is by cheating on his wife while away for work in Boston. When his eldest son discovers his father’s unfaithfulness, he loses all trust for his father, and Biff’s life pretty much goes downhill from there. Willy Loman’s lies, deceit, unfaithfulness have resulted in huge problems for his family. Nora also starts trouble in her household through lies and deceit. Nora’s crime of forgery is not even a crime in her mind; she does not realize that the law does not take into account people’s motivations behind their actions. While she knows that Krogstad has been associated with shady law practices, she does not realize that his crime was on the same level, if not less illegal than the one that she has committed. When Tourvald opens the letter and finds out about her crime, he goes ballistic, and cannot believe that his own wife could be capable of such a crime. This is ultimately the reason / situation that helps Nora realize that she must leave her family in order to begin to live her own life. But Nora even lies about the little things in life such as the eating of macaroons (Ibsen 1126). Her husband forbade her from eating them on account that they will rot her teeth, and when she is seen eating them in her house, she says that they are a gift from Kristine, which is a lie. Both Willy and Nora’s lies and deceitfulness frustrate their families to the  point where each protagonist much leave their family; although Willy’s departure is his death, Nora’s is the start of her real life. Both main characters also use an escape mechanism to leave reality when they realize that their lives are on the wrong path. When Loman starts to realize that his pride and joy in life, Bi ff, â€Å"is a lazy bum† (Miller 1218) he begins to talk to himself (Miller 1221). These mental lapses bring Loman to a happier place and time, when his kids were young and innocent and he thought that the best part of his life lay still ahead. This acts almost as a defense mechanism against the pains of reality for Willy. In the final scene, after Biff tells his father that he is â€Å"a dime a dozen† and that the Loman name really doesn’t mean much, Willy engages in the ultimate escape mechanism; suicide. Although it may appear on the surface to be a selfish and coldhearted move to spite his family, he actually did it so that his family may live a better life with money he thinks they will receive from his life insurance policy. When faced with the harsh pains of reality, Nora also uses defense / escape mechanisms to ignore the problems at hand first, then to conquer them in the end. She believes that she has done nothing wrong, and that if what she has done is illegal, that her good intentions will nullify the illegality of her forgery. When Krogstad informs her otherwise, tells her the possible repercussions of her act, and ultimately gives her an ultimatum, this is her first touch of reality outside of the doll’s house that she lives in. To cope with the harshness outside of t his doll’s house, she immediately retreats back inside and attempts to distract herself with Christmas decorations (Ibsen 1133). She uses the tree and presents to distract her from her problems, and tells the nursemaid Anne Marie that she’s too busy to play with her kids who want to see her because she must try to distance her mind from the subject at hand. Here she is only making the problem worse by not dealing with it. When she finally realizes that her â€Å"main duty [is] to [her]self† (Ibsen 1166), and that she has been living life according to what her father and husband have wanted rather than what she has wanted, Nora’s epiphany is complete. She knows that the only possible solution that can work for her is to leave right away. Willy and Nora both escape their problems first by drifting away with mental distractions, then when they fully realize their problems, they both must physically leave their families. For Willy this means death, for Nora, the  start of (a new) life. Willy and Nora share a fatal flaw: they try to make others happy before making themselves happy. All that Willy ever wanted in life was to be â€Å"well-liked† and for his sons to follow in his footsteps. Their lives focused too much on fulfilling others rather than themselves, and in the end this flaw led to their departure from each of their respective families. When Charley asks Willie â€Å"when the hell are you ever going to grow up?† and Biff declares that â€Å"we never told the truth in this house for 10 minutes† (Miller 1280) we realize that Willy will never grow up and that he must leave his family because he will never grow up and that nearly his whole life has been a farce. Similarly, when Nora tells her husband that the only way he (and her) can only change if Tourvald has â€Å"his doll taken away† (Ibsen 1168) we realize that Nora’s life too has been a farce and that she must leave in order to begin her own life.

Oedipus And Gilgamesh Essay - 785 Words

Oedipus from the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex and Gilgamesh from the epic of Gilgamesh both heroes in their own stories however they also very drastically. Gilgamesh is a quest hero who loses his closest friend, Enkindu, and is inspired to go on a journey in the wilderness to search for immortality. like Gilgamesh, Oedipus is a hero also, however he is a tragic hero. Oedipus, in the play, is praised for ridding the town in which he rules, Thebes, of a plague. The characters Oedipus and Gilgamesh both are strong characters in their own story and plot, both can be considered heroes however they are very much different types of heroes and characters. in the epic of Gilgamesh, friendship is a main concept that carries throughout the story.†¦show more content†¦unfortunately, Oedipus deals with the death of the queen. I do pisses reaction is very violent as he punctured his eyes out. On page 316 the text states, â€Å"he [Oedipus] rips off her brooches, the long gold pins holding her robes – and lifting them high, looking straight up into the points he takes them down the sockets of his eyes...† Oedipus was clearly fed up with all the horrible tragedies that follow him around in his life, so he reacted quite violently to this horrible event that he witnessed. overall, the person killed a mesh reacted to death in their lives very differently, one becoming violent and self-destructive and the other becoming very sad whilst he grieves his loss. both kill commission a piss have pride in their leadership, even though Gilgamesh does not have any genuine power he is still prideful and confident alike to Oedipus. â€Å"I will break your door and burst in your gate, for I am Gilgamesh who seized and killed the bull of heaven.â€Å" (The Epic of Gilgamesh, 12) Gilgamesh is confident in his abilities after defeating the bull of heaven, and so he feels like he has power he does not deserve. Oedipus is the definite ruler of the town of Thebes. not only does he rolled the town but he also read the town of the curse that took over the city. This is the reason why the towns people look up to Oedipus so intensely. â€Å"I pity you. I see – how could I fail to see what longingsShow MoreRelatedGilgamesh And Oedipus Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesOctober, 2017 Gilgamesh vs. Oedipus No two men are alike in anyway, same goes for heroes and tragic heroes. A hero is someone who has given their life to be something bigger than oneself. A hero is someone who is brave, courageous and someone you look up to. Aristotle referred to a tragic hero as, â€Å"someone who makes their own judgement error that inevitably leads to their own destruction†. Gilgamesh and Oedipus were some of the biggest heroes in our literary studies. Gilgamesh and Oedipus lived theirRead MoreEssay Oedipus Rex and Gilgamesh1034 Words   |  5 Pageslook. However, every man has a little something from the other. Although Oedipus and Gilgamesh are entirely different people, they are still very similar. Each one, in their own way, is exceptionally brave, heroically tragic, and both encompass diverse strengths and weaknesses. One is strictly a victim of fate and the other is entirely responsible for his own plight. Out of the two men, Gilgamesh was far braver than Oedipus. He risked his life a number of times when he was in the company of hisRead MoreClassification of Literature3483 Words   |  14 PagesCLASSIFICATIONs OF LITERATURE I. Divisions of Literature Literature Prose Poetry Fiction Nonfiction Dramatic Narrative Lyric Drama Short Story Novel Tale Fable Myth Legends Folktales Essay Biography Autobiography Diary History Chronicle News Anecdote Tragedy Comedy Opera Operetta Ballad Epic Metrical Tale Metrical Romance Ode Sonnet Song Elegy POINT OF COMPARISON | PROSE | POETRY | Form | Paragraph | Verse | Language | Words and rhythms of ordinary and everyday language | Metrical,

The Economic Crisis Of The United States - 1900 Words

The Great Recession, coinciding with the subprime mortgage crisis, lasted from the end of 2007 to the middle of 2009. This downturn became the biggest economic crisis that the United States had faced since the Great Depression. Causing high unemployment rates, a decline in consumer confidence and home values, the recession had a great impact on both Americans and immigrants in the United States. Since the 1990s to a few years before the recession, the number of immigrants entering the United States increased at a constant rate as more and more people came to the country in search for better job and education opportunities. This number dropped, however, when the country entered the economic crisis in 2007. The American Community Survey†¦show more content†¦This recession was a combination of the United States recession, that lasted from December of 2007 to approximately June of 2009, and the global recession in 2009 that proceeded. The recession in the United States was a res ult of the banks’ inability to pay off their accumulated debt. It all began when there were housing booms, which involved mortgage-backed securities (MBSs), or stocks backed by mortgages. Due to the real estate market collapse in 2007, those securities declined in value and jeopardized solvency, or â€Å"the ability of a company to meet its long-term financial obligations†, of banks that were too much in debt. Though there were many major problems that resulted from the recession, the drastic increase in unemployment rates became the biggest negative effect of the economic crisis. According to the statistics from The Encyclopedia of the Great Recession, â€Å"By March 2008, 63,000 jobs were lost, the most in five years†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rosenberg, 599: Unemployment). During the period of decline in economy, revenues decreased and businesses stopped expanding. Moreover, when demand was too low to support the businesses, employers needed to reduce their spendings and save money by lowering wages, stop hiring new workers, and firing old ones. The Great Recession, therefore, initiated the mass discharge of employers and reduced job opportunities for immigrants who had come to

The Case Of Lance Armstrong - 1868 Words

Today’s generation face numerous issues involving ethical decision making in businesses. Ethics can be defined as â€Å"individuals and groups decisions and actions in relation to their understanding of right and wrong,† (Osei-Hwere, Armfield, Kinsky, Gerlich, Drumheller, 2014). They are strongly influenced by one’s upbringing and values, and often include concepts that differ from one person to another. Sports organisations are no exception to ethical expectations set by society. The case of Lance Armstrong is a prime example of a superior athlete who blew any chances at being a positive role model due to a lack of ethical values. Armstrong is publically known for winning seven Tour de France titles between the years of 1999 to 2005. These were later stripped from him after the athlete confessed to taking performance-enhancing drugs during those years. Stakeholders involved in the case include his fans, sponsors, teammates, competitors and also members of the c haritable fund known as the Livestrong Foundation. This case study critically examines the management and ethical issues involved with the case. It further applies the Eight Steps to Ethical Decision Making Model to understand how Armstrong could have avoided the negative publicity and other troubles he faces today. Armstrong is a well-known and respected sportsman. Many young athletes admired him for his achievements and aspired to be like him. People had trust and sympathy in Armstrong due to his unfortunate diagnosisShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Lance Armstrong810 Words   |  4 PagesThis team application is based on the case study of Lance Armstrong, (Clayton and Fisher, 2013). As a professional cyclist, Lance Armstrong dominated his competition, (Clayton and Fisher, 2013). He was viewed as a celebrity, donating several millions of dollars for charity and was endorsed by several big name corporations, (Clayton and Fisher, 2013). For the most part, he was placed on a high pedestal and praised for all of his achievements. He began riding at a young age, winning numerous localRead MoreEssay on Lance Armstrong Case Analysis 21324 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿When Bullying Leads to Believing â€Å"Following Lance Armstrong: Excellence Corrupted case study, written by Clayton Rose and Noah Fisher 2014, of Global Research Group for Harvard Business School.† When it came to the sport of cycling, Lance possessed characteristics that made him unique. His ability to take in and use oxygen effectively was higher than an average man by 90% and a trained and active many by 42%. Lance also produced less lactic acid than others, which allowed him to dominate theRead MoreLance Armstrong Ethical Dilemma Case Study1806 Words   |  8 PagesEthical Dilemma The decision maker for the ethical dilemma for the lance Armstrong case is Chris Carmichael, the coach. The decisions are: To always overlook the use of PED or to never always overlook the use of PED. These two choices both have undesirable outcomes. To always overlook the use of PED: This option is undesirable because it the discovery of PED usage will lead to termination from the sport, resulting in failed coaching business. Never overlook the use of PED: This option us undesirableRead MoreThe Legacy Of Lance Armstrong1456 Words   |  6 PagesLance Armstrong was born September 18, 1971 in Plano, Texas. Armstrong was always athletic, and had quickly discovered that he had a love for triathlons, particularly cycling. According to the website Bio True Story, â€Å"He began running and swimming at ten years old, and took up competitive cycling and triathlons†¦at thirteen. At sixteen, Armstrong became a professional tri-athlete [and] was the national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990,† at the ages of eighteen and nineteen respectfullyRead MoreEssay On Lance Armstrong1433 Words   |  6 PagesLance Armstrong Lance Armstrong was born September 18, 1971 in Plano, Texas. Armstrong was always athletic and had quickly discovered that he had a love for triathlons, particularly cycling. By the age of ten he began running and swimming, and at age thirteen he started competing in cycling and triathlons (Osei-Hwere). By the age of sixteen Lance Armstrong was a professional tri-athlete and was the national sprint- course triathlon champion (Osei-Hwere). Armstrong chose to focus on cycling becauseRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Ethical Issues1603 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective. The funders are in a dilemma whether they shouldcontinue funding and supporting the organization which in way has become so popular because of Lance Armstrong. Also, the other major point of discussion is whether it isethical for the funders to ask for their money to be returned considering the fact that the scandal took place in Lance Armstrong’s personal life and not within Livestrong. Now, if we look from Livestrongâ €™s perspective, we can question whether it was ethical to completelyRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Sports Today1476 Words   |  6 PagesResearch, period 3 December 15, 2013 Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Today Performance enhancing drugs, or steroids, have long been in the lifestyle of athletes. Many famous athletes like Barry Bonds, Alex Rodriguez, Marion Jones and Lance Armstrong have all confessed to the use of steroids. Celebrities like actor Charlie Sheen and ex Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, have also admitted to using steroids in the past. Performance enhancing drugs are a dangerous form of medicineRead MoreThe Effects Of Steroids On The Human Body, Steroids Sports, And Reasons Why People Use Steroids1251 Words   |  6 Pagesfurther my knowledge on this topic. Introduction About A. Types 1. Anabolic 2. Corticosteroids III. History A. 1954 1. Weight lifting 2. Olympics B. Ancient Athletes IV. Sports A. Athletes 1. Alex Rodriguez 2. Lance Armstrong B. Regulations V. Effects A. Side effects 1. Aggravation 2. Acne 3. Liver failure B. Addictions VI. Reasons A. Gains B. Self glorification VII. Conclusion Steroids Steroids have a bad reputationRead MoreEthical Issues For Livestrong 53171 Words   |  13 PagesShekhani(T00039156) Tung Phan(T00053780) Edward Mishio (T00000000) November 19, 2014 Contents Company Background: 2 Case Background: 3 Ethical Issues for Livestrong 5 Organization Perspective: 5 Funders Perspective: 5 Breakdown of stakeholders involved 7 Organization’s Response: 9 Conclusion: 11 Recommendations: 11 Bibliography: 11 Company Background: In 1996, at the age of 25 Lance Armstrong was diagnosed with testicular cancer that spread to his brain, lungs and abdomen. He educated himself aboutRead MoreSteroids And Its Effects On The Body985 Words   |  4 Pageschampionship. The best example is the case of Lance Armstrong, the best American bicyclist and the more successful in the history of the sport. Armstrong was found positive in many anti-doping test. According to the U.S Anti-Doping Agency â€Å"Lance Armstrong receives lifetime ban and disqualification of competitive results (medals for doping violations stemming from his involvement in the U.S postal service pro-cycling team doping conspiracy† (USADA). Lance Armstrong managed to destroy his successful career