Bio Comprehensive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bio Comprehensive - Essay Example Its inner layer invaginates and form thylakoid disks that are arranged in stacks called "grana" where chlorophyll is concentrated and so with other pigment absorbing organs. The membranes are very much important in the process of photosynthesis of plants because it is where the organelles responsible for absorbing light (chlorophyll in chloroplast) are suspended or being housed One way to measure the efficiency of chloroplast when it is intact is through Fluorescence. This will be able to measure the chlorophyll in the flourimeter. The spectrum of fluorescence is different to that of absorbed light, with the peak of fluorescence emission being of longer wavelength than that of absorption. Therefore, fluorescence yield can be measured by exposing a leaf to light of defined wavelength and measuring the amount of light re-emitted at longer wavelengths. When transferring photosynthetic material from the dark into the light, an increase in the yield of chlorophyll fluorescence happens over a time period of around 1 s. This increase has then been explained as a consequence of reduction of electron acceptors in the photosynthetic pathway, downstream of PSII, notably plastoquinone and in particular, QA. Once PSII absorbs light and QA has accepted an electron, it is not able to accept another until it has passed the first onto a succeeding electron carrier (QB). Du ring this period, the reaction centre is said to be 'closed'. At any point in time, the occurrence of a fraction of closed reaction centers leads to an overall reduction in the efficiency of photochemistry and so to a matching increase in the yield of fluorescence. Our body part is made up of cells. These cells multiply in a process called cell division. If the division of the cells is having irregularities in number tumors develops. There will be too numerous divisions of cells. But what triggers human malignant cancers is due to mutations of both signal transduction pathways and in the mechanisms that control the cell cycle. Signal transduction responses are responsible for gene activation, manufacturing of metabolic energy, and cell movement. It has something to do with the cell activity. It has even something to do with the modification of the cell skeleton. Since it is responsible for gene activation it leads to gene expression as proteins. Gene activation leads to further effects, since genes are expressed as proteins, many of which are enzymes, transcription factors or other regulators of metabolic activity. Because transcription factors can activate still many genes in turn, an initial stimulus can trigger via signal transduction the expression of whole suite of genes and a panoply of physiolgical events. When there is a mutation of the pathway the expresion of genes also mutates. This mutation may lead to cancers. There sequence is sometimes affected by the mutation. In every expresion like GUC for example when mutated may lead to GUA and this does not mean the same as what GUC codes for. To determine a patient with cancer caused by mutation of the tranduction signal pathway, you can conduct mutation analysis. With this, you can be able to trace if the patient's cancer is cause mainly of his/her signal transduction being mutated. Enzymes are catalysts. Mostly of these are protein based. Enzymes attach temporarily to one or more of the reactants of the reaction they catalyze. In doing so, they decrease the amount of activation

Competition in American Elections Essay Example for Free

Competition in American Elections Essay Elections are a crucial element of representative democracy. They are the direct link between citizens and their representatives in government: if the public approves of their elected officials’ actions, they continue to vote them back into office; if the public doesn’t like how things are going in the government, they vote for other candidates with different ideas. The electorate has to have this choice between candidates in order to effectively express their preferences. However, if the incumbent or incumbent party seems certain to win, a vote for a new candidate would be of little value: the election is not competitive; therefore, the public is hindered from voting into office a candidate that represents their true interests. It is therefore essential to examine the true meaning of what makes an election competitive and to determine whether American elections of various types adhere to this requirement. The literature competitiveness in elections is extensive, but all definitions more or less come down to the question of whether or not someone other than the winner might have won (had circumstances been different, had the opposition campaigned more effectively, had the public been more welcoming to the opposition’s ideas, etc.). A very minimalistic definition of a competitive election is given by Hyde and Marinov (2012) in the form of three criteria: â€Å"opposition is allowed, multiple parties are legal, and more than one candidate competes† (p. 192). Five requirements for determining if an election was competitive are given by Janowitz and Marvin (1955-1956): high levels of participation, political self-confidence and self-interest among the citizenry, effective public deliberation, a media not monopolized by one particular side, and campaigns operating mostly independently of the mass media (pp. 384-393). These criteria are meant to measure the degree to which the election represented a â€Å"process of consent† rather than a â€Å"process of manipulation†. Buchler (2007) defines competitive elections as those in which the candidates have about an equal chance of winning, or when their vote shares are about the sameso, the more the two-party vote for the winning candidate approaches 50%, the more competitive the election is. In their study on the effects of competition on legislator performance, Koninsky and Ueda (2011) define a competitive election as one in which the winner earned 90% or more of the two-party vote (p. 201), whereas Niemi et al. (2006) define competitive elections as those in which the winner received at least 60% of the two-party vote (cited in Koninsky and Ueda, p. 201). Such strictly defined, outcome-based requirements for electoral competitiveness have been criticized for being more or less arbitrary (Buchler, p. 336); however, for the purpose of this paper, such definitions are the most practical choice. The minimalistic definition of Hyde and Marinov is in fact too minimalistic for an examination of electoral competitiveness in America, where an open and democratic political process is an integral aspect of the Constitution itself. Janowitz and Marvins definition will be excluded for practical purposes because while the criteria to allow for analysis of electoral competitiveness pre-election, and therefore do not count as uncompetitive elections in which the opposition simply wasn’t strong enough, this method is much more suited to an in-depth study of a single election rather than a comparison between multiple election years and types because of the normative questions involved (the researchers in question used this method to examine the 1952 presidential election). While strictly statistical, outcome-based definitions of competitiveness are perhaps arbitrarily defined, they are simple and useful in studying electoral competitiveness over long periods. To avoid restraining myself to one statistic, I consider both the 60% requirement proposed by Niemi et al. and the 90% requirement used by Koninsky and Ueda. In order to study competition in presidential elections, I have compiled both the popular vote and Electoral College vote for the presidential elections since 1980. I only included data from the two candidates who received the most votes. I then calculated the percentage of the two-party vote (popular and Electoral College) received by each candidate. The percentage of the two-party popular vote received by any given winner of the presidency never exceeded 60%, and can, therefore, be considered competitive by both the 60% and 90% requirements. However, the results of the two-party Electoral College vote were not always so close. In fact, in seven out of the ten presidential elections held in the past 37 years, the percent of the two-party vote in the Electoral College received by the winning candidate exceeded 60%, and in two of these elections, this percentage exceeded 90%. Therefore, by our most strict definition of a competitive election, most presidential elections in the past th irty-seven years have not been competitive if we use the data provided by the Electoral College votes. This could suggest that the structure of America’s presidential elections (i.e., indirect vote via the Electoral College) compromises the competitiveness of our elections, as all the presidential elections examined were found to be competitive in the popular vote, but the Electoral College votewhich is, in fact, the deciding factor in who will become Presidentwas found to be uncompetitive in most cases. It is clear that the Electoral College does extrapolate the margin of victory of the winner, most clearly evidenced by the elections of 1980 and 1984, when Reagan was elected with a two-party popular vote of 55% and 59%, respectively, but by a 91% and 98% two-party vote in the Electoral College (Woolley and Gerhard 2017). I have employed the same method used for presidential elections to measure competitiveness in statewide elections in Missouri (Governor and United States Senator elections) and the district-based Missouri United States Representative elections (except that the Electoral College factor was not applicable). I have used the past five elections for each type of election; therefore I have gone back to 2000 for the Governor election data, to 2004 for the U.S. Senator data, and to 2008 for the U.S. Representative data. The elections for Missouri governors and U.S. Senators all fall within the 60% requirement off competitiveness. However, the U.S. House elections rarely satisfy this requirement (one out of eight districts in 2014, three out of nine districts in 2010, and one out of nine districts in 2008 had a two-party vote of less than 60% for the winner). None of the elections ever had a two-party vote that exceeded 90%, so these elections are competitive by Koninsky and Ueda’s req uirement (Ashcroft 2017, â€Å"Missouri Election Results† and â€Å"Previous Elections†). However, the disparity is obvious: while U.S. Representative elections are still competitive by the 90% test, they are generally nowhere near as competitive as state Governor, U.S. Senator, or presidential elections. This most likely arises as a result of gerrymandering, defined by Lowi et al. (2017) as the practice of drawing district maps that favor one party or the other based on the partisan makeup of different regions (p. 198). This practice reduces the competitiveness of districts so that the party that drew the map will have certain victory in most districts while allowing their opponents to win in a handful of districts where their party has the clear majority. For statewide and nationwide elections, this is not an option, but for district-based elections, gerrymandering is common practice. In response to a lack of competition in district-based elections, many propose intentionally drawing electoral districts to narrow the margin of victory and encourage more robust competition. There are many reasons to advocate for increased competition. As previously mentioned, the electorate cannot express its true preferences if election results are more or less determined in advance. According to Lowi et al., competition among politicians incentivizes them to reveal more information about themselves and about the other candidates, which in turn makes citizens more apt to pick the candidates that best represent their interests (p. 428). The threat of competition incentivizes elected officials to steer clear of corrupt practices and to remain responsive to their constituency to ensure re-election (Brunell and Clarke 2012, p. 124). This same threat also means that officials elected in competitive elections are more active lawmakers (Koninsky and Ueda, p. 199). And according to Huckfe ldt et al. (2007), while electoral competitiveness does not seem to produce any direct effect on turnout, it still has an indirect effect in that parties and candidates put more campaign effort into competitive elections, which in turn encourages higher turnout (p. 809). Indeed, the word â€Å"competition† often has a very positive connotation in American culture. This is natural, as it is the founding block of the free market system which our country has embraced possibly more than any other country. It may, therefore, come as a surprise that not all scholars advocate competition in the electoral sphere. A fairly intuitive, though the easily disregarded aspect of competition in elections is that as the margin of victory decreases, the number of people who voted for losing candidates increases. Brunell and Clarke argue that these people are more dissatisfied with the outcome of the election and feel that their interests are not being represented in government (p. 125). A study conducted by Bowler and Donovan (2011) suggests that increased competition leads to dissatisfaction in the electorate because people dislike being exposed to politics (p. 159). Janowitz and Marvin argue that high levels of competition divide the electorate and disintegra te more moderate, compromise-oriented groups (p. 400). It would seem that competitive elections, while allowing the public to hold elected officials accountable to their constituents, also lead to less happy constituents in general. Buchler goes on to point out that in order to draw competitive districts, the actual partisan makeup of the electorate must be disregarded, and a smaller margin of victory increases the chances of an error in the declared winner (pp. 333, 336). So when we draw districts to be more competitive, we may end up with representatives who do not actually represent the people to any significant degree. While the arguments for and against electoral competition seem valid, it is important to distinguish which definition of â€Å"competitive† we are actually working with. For example, while the 60% requirement proposed by Niemi et al. judges that nearly all U.S. House elections in Missouri were non-competitive, the more minimalistic model proposed by Hyde and Marinov would classify all of the elections studied in this paper as competitive simply because they were truly democratic elections. At the same time, the broadest definition of a competitive election used, the 90% definition proposed by Koninsky and Ueda, would define nearly all of the elections studied as competitive. I doubt that those who wish for less electoral competition because of its divisive effect on the electorate would suggest that the two-party vote for the winning candidate must exceed 90% every time, just to keep people happy. The obvious gerrymandering that takes place in redistricting maps is not to be t aken lightly, but the solution is not necessarily an effort to draw more competitive districts. As Buchler (2005, cited in Buchler 2007) argues, an unbiased map is the best way to ensure true representation of the citizens of a given region, even if the map is, in fact, uncompetitive (p. 333). Perhaps this is what we should really be working towards the true ideological representationrather than the potentially random results that come from toss-up districts.

Impact of Brexit on the Tata Group

Impact of Brexit on the Tata Group INTRODUCTION The British individuals voted to leave the Europe Union, and the will of the general population ought to win. Be that as it may, the general population voted without learning of the genuine terms of Brexit. As these terms turn out to be clear, it is their entitlement to alter their opinion (Blair, T. (1996)). Brexit is a word that has turned out to be utilized as a shorthand method for saying the UK leaving the EU consolidating the words Britain and exit to get Brexit, similarly as a conceivable Greek exit from the euro was named Grexit before. A choice a vote in which everybody (or almost everybody) of voting age can partake was hung on Thursday 23 June, to choose whether the UK should leave or stay in the European Union. Leave won by 52% to 48%. The choice turnout was 71.8%, with more than 30 million individuals voting (Hunt, A., & Wheeler, B. (2017).). The monetary outcomes of leaving the EU will rely upon what arrangements the UK receives following Brexit. In any case, bring down exchange because of diminished coordination with EU nations is probably going to cost the UK economy significantly more than is picked up from bringing down commitments to the EU spending plan. the UK receives following Brexit. In any case, bring down exchange because of diminished coordination with EU nations is probably going to cost the UK economy significantly more than is picked up from bringing down commitments to the EU spending plan. Notwithstanding putting aside remote venture, relocation and the dynamic outcomes of lessened exchange, we assess the impacts of Brexit on exchange and the UKs commitment to the EU spending plan would be identical to a fall in the wage of in the vicinity of 1.3% and 2.6% ( £850 to  £1,700 per family unit every year). Whats more, once we incorporate the long-run impacts of Brexit on efficiency, the decrease in wage increments to in the vicinity of 6.3% and 9.5% (about  £4,200 to  £6,400 per family unit every year) (Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G. I., Sampson, T., & Reenen, J. V. (2016).). In the extent of the World Trade Organization (WTO), of which the UK would be a basic part following situation 1 sort of EU-withdrawal, there are clear controls restricting the nation in its dealings with other exchanging accomplices. Favored exchanging conditions stood to one gathering must likewise be allowed to all others, with exemptions for creating nations, local unhindered commerce territories and traditions unions. Under WTO administers, a benefit conceded by one gathering just reaches out to different states who respond that benefit, while in a multilateral equal relationship a similar inclination would be stretched out to the gathering that arranged a specific benefit. The separation consent to be consulted between the EU and UK could confine the breathing space accessible to London when offering exchange inclinations – with questionable outcomes for creating economies. Whats more, such WTO renegotiations are exceptionally intricate and include an extensive number of different on-screen characters. The prerequisite for unanimity of every one of the 164 WTO individuals could bring about different positions and claims being put on the table, which would involve a protracted procedure (Henà ¶kl, T. (2017).) Tata is one of the worlds most trusted gatherings has more than 100 years of quality in a worldwide economy with a very much broadened business. Tata’s esteem framework incorporates five centre esteems — respectability, understanding, magnificence, solidarity and duty and worldwide moral principles which have constantly bolstered its business execution. Tata acquires the social responsibility which has come about in extraordinary trust and certainty of its partners. The organization began in 1907 in Europe, now has developed to 19 organizations with a 60000 workforce. Tata has world eminent brands in Europe, similar to Land Rover, Jaguar, Tetley, Tata Steel, TCS and so forth. Tata remains for its name and its notoriety and the trust. They put stock in Leadership with Trust. Tata has been the most trusted brand in India for a long time. Their straightforward approaches and moral standards, reasonable exchange rehearses have created elevated requirements of corporate admi nistration(Kumar, S. H. (2017)). TRADE INTEGRATION Trade integration is the unification of monetary strategies between various states through the incomplete or full cancelation of tax and non-tax confinements on exchange occurring among them before their incorporation. This is implied thusly to prompt lower costs for merchants and purchasers with the objective of expanding the level of welfare, while prompting an expansion of financial profitability of the states. The change economies of Central and Eastern Europe have encountered since the mid-1990s quick exchange mix into world markets, especially with the more develop economies of Western Europe. Taken as a total, they now speak to the euro territorys third-biggest exchanging accomplice(Bussià ¨re, M., Fidrmuc, J., & Schnatz, B. (2005)). The European Union (EU) is the UKs biggest exchange accomplice. Around a half of the UKs exchange is with the EU. EU participation diminishes exchange costs between the UK and the EU. This makes products and enterprises less expensive for UK customers and enables UK organizations to trade more. Leaving the EU (Brexit) would bring down exchange between the UK and the EU in view of higher tax and non-levy hindrances to exchange. Likewise, the UK would profit less from future market incorporation inside the EU. The fundamental financial advantage of leaving the EU would be a lower net commitment to the EU spending plan. All EU nations lose salary after Brexit. The general GDP fall in the UK is  £26 billion to  £55 billion, about twice as large as the  £12 billion to  £28 billion salary misfortune in the rest of the EU consolidated. Non-EU nations encounter some littler pay picks up. If the UK singularly expelled every one of its taxes on imports from whatever is left of the world after Brexit, UK livelihoods fall by 1% in the hopeful case and 2.3% in the skeptical case. In the long run, lessened exchange brings down efficiency. Figuring in these impacts significantly builds the expenses of Brexit to lost 6.3% to 9.5% of GDP (about  £4,200 to  £6,400 per family). Being outside the EU implies that the UK would not consequently profit by future EU exchange manages different nations. This would mean passing up a great opportunity for the present US and Japanese arrangements, which are estimate to enhance genuine wages by 0.6%. After Brexit, would the UK get better exchange manages non-EU nations? It would not need to trade off such a great amount with other EU states, however the UK would lose haggling control as its economy makes up just 18% of the EUs single market. It is indistinct whether there are generous administrative advantages from Brexit. The UK as of now has one of the OECDs slightest controlled item and work markets. First-class reserve funds are as far as anyone knows from cancelation of the Renewable Energy Strategy and the Working Time Order – both of which get impressive household political help in the UK (Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G. I., Sampson, T., & Reenen, J. V. (2016)) While the total monetary effect of such a situation has been explored the wide variety in duty rates, and thus heterogeneity in sectoral and nation level effects, has not been already considered. Taking the 5200 items recorded in the EU outside duty plan and applying them symmetrically to EU-UK expos viable tax rates going from 2% to 11% by the nation. Over areas, the variety is more emotional, extending from 0% to half mirroring the distinctions in items exchanged. Joining these tax prompted cost increments with versatility reaction gauges, we figure the aggregate impact on the exchange by the nation. The EUs fares to the UK would fall by 30% speaking to a 2% decrease in its aggregate world exchange. Ireland and Belgium would be the most uncovered, losing 4% and 3.1% of their aggregate fares individually, though a few nations, for example, Estonia and Finland would see decreases in their aggregate exchange of under 0.3%. The UKs fares to the EU would fall by 22% however as these decreases apply to 27 exchanging accomplices, the total impact is bigger than that of the EU with the UK confronting a fall in its aggregate exchange of 9.8%. Exchange some particular areas, for example, sustenance and materials would be near wiped out while others would be practically unaffected. The seriousness of the effect is subsequently determined basically by the item structure of current exchange streams between the UK and every individual EU part. As a last note on contemplations that are past the extent of this paper; we look at particularly the effect of WTO duties on UK-EU exchange, however, keep up the suspicion that the UK remains an individual from the traditions union with the EU. This implies we dont analyze the effect of any potential changes in duties that the UK may apply to different nations in case of not anymore being fixing to the normal outer levy it as of now applies as an EU part. A choice by the UK to digress from the basic outer duty implies expelling itself from the EU traditions union which thus implies that traditions checks and documentation to conform to tenets of cause would need to be executed with a specific end goal to keep third nations from traveling merchandise through the UK to maintain a strategic distance from higher EU taxes (Sapir, 2016). This illustration features facilitate the extremely wide scope of channels through which choices on the way of Brexit could affect on European and British as well as world exchange streams(Lawless, M., & Morgenroth, E. (2016)). Since the opening of the Indian economy in 1991, Tata has been liable to the worldwide rivalry, making it basic for the gathering to end up plainly aggressive in India against the new participants. To pick upscale, lessen their presentation to the cyclicality of Indias economy, survive, and accomplish a feasible focused position in enterprises that are globalizing, most Tata organizations at that point looked abroad. Tatas current experience is a magnificent case for examining quickened internationalization (Matthews 2002). In accordance with a challenger combination from in the past fringe regions that goes global with a specific end goal to get to assets, the Tata bunch has been driven by various elements, including the need to get to new markets (e.g., in BPOadministrations), the chance to incorporate the esteem chain (e.g., in steel), and the journey for mark control (e.g., in tea). This procedure demonstrated plausible in light of the fact that Tata has solid administration joined with vision; can misuse the likelihood of utilizing progressively created money related markets in India, an expansive household showcase, and worldwide liquidity; and responded quickly to the opening of particular openings at given circumstances(Goldstein, A. (2008)) .Brexit could hit Tata Group stocks hard. Top gathering organizations — Tata Motors, Tata Steel, Tata Elxsi, Tata Global Beverage and which together are 83% of the aggregate market capitalization of the Tata Group organizations — have critical presentation to the UK and Europe markets and the weaker monetary forms there may negatively affect their market capitalizations. ECONOMIC MODELS As an individual from the EU, the UK has been incorporated into exchange bargains the EU has arranged. There are 22 exchange assertions between the EU and individual nations, and five multi-sidelong understandings covering various nations. This implies if the UK needs to hold special access to the business sectors of the 52 nations secured by these assertions, it would need to renegotiate exchange manages every one of them. England is a vast market, so there is a reasonable motivator for different nations to arrange an arrangement. Backers of Brexit contended that it would be to no ones greatest advantage to interfere with the present exchanging associations. Lets discuss the possible economic models between UK and EU after Brexit The Norway Model Individual from European Economic Area, full access to single market, obliged to make a money related commitment and acknowledge dominant part of EU laws, free development applies as it does in the EU Norway is an individual from the European Economic Area (EEA) the single market alongside the 28 current EU individuals, Liechtenstein and Iceland. the European Economic Area (Norway display). This would limit the exchange expenses of Brexit, yet it would mean paying around 83% of what the UK is as of now adding to the EU. It would likewise require keeping momentum directions (without sitting down at the table when the principles are chosen). Another choice is arranging reciprocal manages the EU (Switzerland show). Switzerland still faces control without portrayal and pays around 40% as much as the UK to be a piece of the single market in products. Be that as it may, the Swiss have no concurrence with the EU on unhindered commerce in the administrations business, a zone where the UK is a noteworthy exporter (Ryan, J. (2016)). Norwegian financial services have passport rights, so a similar model for the UK would be the least disruptive for the City. Of course, this deal involves contributions to the EU budget and free movement of labour, which would seem be part of the major objections to EU membership. Hence it is not clear it will be either offered, or would be accepted by the UK (McMahon, M. (2016)). The Switzerland Model In assessing the EU-Swiss game plans as a conceivable model for the UKs future association with the EU, there are two angles to remember: right off the bat, how the current EU-Swiss relationship created as an arrangement of particular understandings, following its choice of 1992, which rejected approval of its arranged consideration in the EEA, and besides how it has taken care of the free development of people. Swiss model of various concurrences with the EU. Following its 1992 submission that rejected increase to the EEA, Switzerland and the EU went into a long and complex procedure of arranging numerous segment particular understandings, which had the impact of reconstituting a great part of the substance of the EEA assertion. These were consulted over numerous years and were gathered into progressive bundles. For the first and primary bundle embraced in 1999, the EU demanded that inability to execute any single understanding would prompt programmed suspension of alternate parts of the bundle. This was planned to guarantee a comprehensive nature of the entire relationship, since the EU is completely disinclined to carefully choosing just those components of the framework that the accomplice state likes. This is the reason the EU has turned out to be exceptionally reproachful of the present state of affairs administration with Switzerland, and will most likely be opposed to enable the UK to arrange something comparable. The selectivity and saw adaptability of the Swiss model are reasons why it has been pushed as a model for the UK. In any case, the UK ought to have no fantasies about the probability that the EU would locate this satisfactory. The EU will without a doubt demand a solitary and exhaustive understanding for its future association with the UK. In general the old Swiss model can be avoided, while the conditions for another Swiss model have been set out expressly by the EU Council, which appear to all the more firmly estimated the EEA show. Switzerland and the free development of people. A moment and more significant part of the Swiss experience concerns the free development of individuals. Switzerland concurred in 1999 to the free development of individuals, subject however to a protect statement, which gave that: in case of genuine monetary or social challenges, the Joint Committee should meet, at the demand of either Contracting Party, to inspect proper measures to cure the circumstance. The extension and length of such measures should not surpass what is entirely important to cure the circumstance. Inclination should be given to measures that slightest disturb the working of this Agreement. This proviso has never been initiated, be that as it may, thus there is no involvement with how it may have been connected. In February 2014, it was regardless overwhelmed politically by a submission that was passed by a restricted lions share of 50.3% against Mass Immigration, successfully requiring the administration to set up inside three years an arrangement of quantitative cutoff points to movement from all sources, including the EU. This was against a foundation of outsiders having ascended to represent23.4% of the populace, with around 1.3 million from the EU (which is a few times higher on a for each capita premise than movement from the EU into the UK). Given that the Swiss government was obliged under its own particular law to embrace executing enactment no later than three years after the submission, i.e. by February 2017, it proposed inMarch 2016 new enactment to oversee migration for the EU in the accompanying terms: The proposed one-sided shield statement accommodates yearly points of confinement to be set by the government chamber on the quantity of licenses issued to individuals from EU and EFTA nations movement surpasses a specific limit. When setting these limits the Federal Council will consider Switzerlands general monetary interests as stipulated in the FederalConstitution, and think about the suggestions of a recently settled migration commission.3 Attempts to achieve a concurrence with this proposition with the EU flopped, be that as it may, and the proposed charge never go into law. All the more as of late, the Swiss parliaments lower house received on 21 September 2016 another law favoring the enlistment of neighborhood inhabitants for new opening, including effectively settled EU occupants, with an end goal to achieve a trade off arrangement with the EU. The Swiss trust this ought to be adequate to the EU and that the submission of 2014 will now be surpassed by this law if go by the upper house. European Commission President, Jean-Claude Juncker, has said that in his view the EU could be happy with this new law. At long last, in a further contort to this Swiss issue, a request of is being flowed to hold a moment choice to revoke the one of February 2014, and it has evidently as of now increased 100,000 supporters. While this number is adequate to legitimize requiring another choice, it stays to be seen whether the appeal to is currently dropped in perspective of the new law.The new law gives off an impression of being a delicate measure went for completion the encounter with the EU.After two or three years of reflection, the Swiss appear to have passed judgement on it to be to their greatest advantage to make a concession as opposed to give the 2014 submission a chance to cause real harm on their economy.This may not take care of the British issue, but rather as a contextual investigation in Swiss administration of the choice procedure, it gives the UK something to think about (Emerson, M. (2016)). Turkey Model This model would mean holding the EUs regular outside levy (as bound at the WTO as its MFN tax plan) and furthermore the import conditions forced under the EUs some free exchange or special exchange understandings. The huge favorable position is that fares pass unreservedly into the EU without being liable to traditions controls or authoritatively exorbitant guidelines of-origindocumentation. As respects the EUs unhindered commerce or particular concurrences with whatever remains of the world, the UK would need to arrange reciprocally with these nations so as to increase special access to their business sectors, however, as a rule, it would be conceivable for the UK to secure an indistinguishable particular terms from the EU, despite the fact that this would not be programmed. While the UK would not be allowed to do facilitated commerce manages different nations in front of the EU, it is outstanding that the EU has progressing arrangements with significant exchanging countries, including the US, Japan, and India. As and when these arrangements result in new facilitated commerce understandings for the EU, at that point the UK ought to on a fundamental level have the capacity to finish on similar terms. In addition, some of these nations, including theUS, say that regardless, the UK (outside the Customs Union) would be at the back of the line. Remaining in the traditions union would likewise have the critical political preferred standpoint of staying away from a restoration of custom controls at the Northern Ireland/Ireland wilderness. Cancelation of those boondocks controls was one of the flag accomplishments of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, which finished 30 years of the brutal clash. No one needs to destabilize that understanding. Most would agree that both the EU and Turkey observe the Customs Union to be an awkward course of action, in view of the limitations forced alone exchange arrangement and coming about pressures. It is significant that Turkey looked for yet was rejected cooperation in the EU arrangements with the US over the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).Nevertheless, the Customs Union alternative for the UK would have the colossal value of being a considerably less complex course to maintain unhindered commerce for products than alternate models portrayed in this paper. An inquiry would emerge over related conditions that the EU side would require, past consistency with the traditions code and methodology(Emerson, M. (2016). Which model for Brexit?.) The CETA with Canada This new concurrence with Canada is a model of a Comprehensive FTA with a progressed modern economy outside Europe. It is a later and created show than for instance that with Korea and appears to be viewed as now as a reason for modernizing various other more seasoned FTAs, for example, with Mexico. CETA accommodates essential levy free FTA conditions. For administrations, the CETA goes significantly past WTO-GATS arrangements (versatility of specialists, shared acknowledgment of experts, an expulsion of a few confinements in money related and oceanic transport administrations, open acquirement). It is additionally very radical in opening open obtainment markets. In the field of specialized guidelines and controls, the key dialect in Article 4.4 is: the gatherings attempt to collaborate to the degree conceivable, to guarantee that their specialized directions are perfect with each other, with arrangements for acknowledgment of comparability where one gathering judges that its standard is identical to that of the other party. Be that as it may, this isnt programmed and must be conceded to an item by item. There is a concession to similarity appraisal, with the end goal that a capable body in the EU can test items for fare to the Canadian market as indicated by Canadian guidelines and the other way around. For sterile and phytosanitary directions (SPS), Article 5.6 gives that The bringing in the party might acknowledge the SPS measure of the sending out Party as identical to its own if the trading Party equitably shows to the bringing in Party that its measure accomplishes the bringing in Partys fitting level of SPS insurance. The primary purpose of correlation with alternate models referred to is that the CETA goes generously past a basic FTA, yet keeps away from any responsibilities by Canada to estimated EU legislation(or the other way around), and leaves a significant part of the facilitating of market access to future procedures of a transaction. CETA is, in this way, less profound, legitimately authoritative and sure that the DCFTA (see advance underneath). Common acknowledgment in the territory of specialized directions is conceivable, yet not programmed. Albeit much talked about in the UK banter about, it was not specified by the Prime Minister in her 17 January discourse in light of current circumstances: the UK will hold all EU advertise law on Day 1 of withdrawal, and without a doubt proceed with consistency with much such law to guarantee great access to the EU showcase (Emerson, M., Busse, M., Di Salvo, M., Gros, D., & Pelkmans, J. (2017)). WTO (World Trade Organisations) This is the cleanest break choice, in that EU free development of individual principles would stop to apply. Some arrangement of work grants/visas would be set up for non-UK natives; obviously, different states (and the EU) would set up complementary (or retaliatory) measures. It would be dubious, in this example, to keep up free development of administrations, as this is personally connected with the free development of people. Besides, UK natives in other EU nations would turn out to be third-nation nationals (Doherty, M. (2016)). The Norway model where the UK joins the European Economic Area (EEA) The Switzerland model where the UK arranges an arrangement of two-sided concurrences with EU27 with respect to and factor streams The Turkey model where the UK goes into a traditions union with EU27 WTO situation where the UK exchanges with EU27 (and all other WTO individuals) on MFN terms(Yu, W., Elleby, C., Lind, K. M., & Thomsen, M. N. (2017)). OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS FACED BY TATA GROUP OF COMPANY BY BREXIT The Tata Group has been in the focal point of news in the course of the most recent few days after it declared plans to leave its UK steel operations. The Indian aggregates UK nearness in steel making was built up in 2006 with the obtaining of the Corus Group, a London headquartered steelmaker with essential operations over the UK and the Netherlands. The Corus Group was renamed Tata Steel Europe. This isnt the main brand the Tata Group has in the UK. Alternate brands it possesses incorporate, Tetley, Jaguar Land Rover, St James Court, Taj 51 Suites and Residences, Bombay Brasserie and Quilon. As Britain natives voted and selected to leave the European Union, the Tata gathering is investigating its UK approach as spooked monetary experts sold offers of its associations. Tata Consultancy Services Ltd (TCS), Tata Motors Ltd and Tata Steel Ltd., are the primary Tata associations that have a basic prologue to Europe, especially the UK. The consequence of the British accommodation created for an exit plan from the EU, offers of each of the three associations dove. TCS fell as much as 4.8% to Rs.2517.10, Tata Motors dropped 12.9%, its steepest fall since 4 September 2009, to Rs.425 and Tata Steel pulled back 10.9% to Rs.297.40. They pared a segment of the adversities, with TCS completing 2.78% lower at Rs. 2,570.70, Tata Motors closing 7.99% down at Rs.449.00 and Tata Steel pulling back 6.37% to Rs.312.50. Each association always reviews its technique and operations in the light of headways, and will continue doing as such. Access to business divisions and to a skilled workforce will remain basic considerations. The Brexit will put Jaguar Land Rover in a perfect condition; Jaguar Land Rover exchanges 80% of its total creation and imports around 30% of the parts it requires. A weaker British pound (GBP) will thump up the associations charge recognize and balance the swelling in its import charge. A fragile GBP could influence the vehicle maker to cost engaged and profitable in a vast bit of the business segments it charges to, including China, which is essential both to the extent benefit and volumes. The impact on Jaguar Land Rovers business (if we markdown an incite conclusion driven impact on the economies) is no under two years away. In addition, the associations proposed creating unit in Slovakia will fence it against Brexit. JLR has assented to a game plan with the Slovakian government to collect another plant with a basic farthest point of 150,000 units. Advancement will start in 2016 and age in 2018. Panther Land Rover is putting  £1 billion in the plant. Esteem markets and fiscal norms around the world felt the tremors from Brexit. Tata Steel is set to stop finish off of its UK steelworks while it assesses the repercussions of the Brexit vote. The Mumbai-headquartered steel creature had revealed courses of action to offer its Port Talbot steelworks in Wales earlier this year. In any case, the move has been put on ice as it overviews the repercussions of the Brexit vote. The Indian mammoth will stop the arrangement amidst powerlessness over the impact of the decision to leave the EU. The heap up is yet to settle on a formal decision yet is under less weight to offer after a jump in steel costs, which has cut mishaps at the South Wales site. The association will obviously back off the trading to foresee the consequence of a UK government game plan to cut its 14 billion pound annuity liabilities and furthermore talks on EU trade deals. The decision may come as a hit to bidders, including the Indian-source businessman. Goodbye Group had, starting at now, been slanting towards holding the plant before the Brexit decision. Potential buyers of Tata Steel UK have conveyed alert about seven days priors vote for Britain to leave the EU, advised that Brexit could make the hardship making operation even less sensible. Rescue tries for the steel business in Port Talbot have been able to be covered in Brexit worries, with Tata Steel pulling indeed from an offer of its plant while it works out the repercussions of the UK leaving the European Union. Tata Steel, which has no under two offers and an organization buyout intend to consider for the site in south Wales, is thought to have halted the technique to consider the possible destiny of EU trade deals, and the liabilities in the social events  £14bn annuity design. Tata, underweight from an overall thrashing in steel costs as Chinas import asks for dwindled, sold off its long-things business in Europe to Greybull Capital and has been searching for a buyer for whatever is left of its UK operations. Tata Group lost around 30,000 crores as offers of a couple of reinforcements, including Tata Steel and Tata Motors, fell after UKs decision to leave the European Union. Goodbye Group works for 19 associations in the UK, using more than 60,000 people. It had earned 13.4% of its pay from the UK and over 12% from whatever is left of Europe in FY15. As steel try continues timing mishaps signifying $1.33 million daily, the Brexit choice now stands to undermine Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) Automobile a 1-billion-pound setback a year. JLR, money turning Tata concern, is depended upon to endure a shot from its toll to other European nations(Kumar, S. H. (2017)). STRATEGY TO EXPLOIT POTENTIAL OPPURTUNITIES AND AVERT THREATS A post-Brexit Britain that follows up on the dangers issued by Hammond and May will be a England avoided from the monetary advantages of the exchange merchandise and ventures with EU part states, and a Britain confronting the decay of what is (wrongly) viewed as the goose that lays the brilliant eggs, the City of London. Brexiteers longing for battling back with low wages, light controls, and forceful assessment strategies are envisioning that these advantages can be substituted by corporate and tip top riches streams. Despite the way that riches streams all by themselves will be inadequate to push a noteworthy political economy and the welfare and business prerequisites orderly to that, this is a formula for a long-haul decrease. Riches streams are by nature flighty and a Britain viably prohibited from its mammoth neighbouring business sector will improbable stay appealing. Vast global banks are now moving staff to Ireland and Luxembourg to catch the European market that will be lost to British business. Londons monetary prominence draws on worldwide expert administrations firms, law offices, and bookkeeping and tax assessment masters. This abilities nexus may, thus, wind up plainly delicate and input into a disappointed arrangement. Such a result will change how GWCs(global wealth chain) verbalized by means of the City are shaped, evolving into an ever-increasing number of forceful types of assessment arranging that are hidden in legitimate indeterminacy. Should that be the situation, we will require some logical devices to deal with this change Britain and Europe wander by they way they treat corporate shape. GWCs give productive methods for incorporating how we comprehend the law, bookkeeping, fund, and administrative changes as a framework. Brexit may think the reliance of London-construct elites in light of these frameworks much more. Knowing how to unbundle and dissect these systems turns out to be more critical, as relations between providers, customers, and controllers keep on morphing under the power of intervention, innovation, and political (mal)intent (Seabrooke, L., & Wigan, D. (2017)). Now lets discuss some strategies to overcome the threats faced by companies like TATA group: Dispense with vulnerability over exchange position at the earliest opportunity Make the greater part of chances to trade and re-establish segments supply Boost capital remittances instead of general slice to company tax? Re-boot modern approach and subsidizing: More to modify inventory network, Aptitudes – devolution to districts (Bailey, D. (2017)). As TATA group of companies has a substantial acquaintance to Europe specifically UK. Access to business sectors and to a gifted workforce should stay imperative contemplations. Tata Steel in March declared its choice to close Tata Steel UK operations. At the season of the declaration, the organization said it had in regards to 7 million tons of steel-production limit in the UK alone. EU is a noteworthy market for Tata Steel UK.to know the effect on Tata Steel UK operation, It will rely upon the exchange arrangements between the UK and the rest of the nations in the European Union. Also, if Britain influences its own particular laws as far as universal to exchange, it will hope to help its household steel industry. A weaker British pound (GBP) will knock up the organizations fare acknowledge and balance the swelling in its import charge. A powerless GBP could influence the automaker to cost focused and productive in a large portion of the business sectors it fares to, including China, which is basic both as far as gainfulness and volumes. CONCLUSION After the British choice to leave the EU, Europes direction, even its predetermination, has again turned into a matter of decision. In an undeniably unstable world, neither the EU nor the UK has an enthusiasm for a separation that reduces their impact as the adjust of financial power moves far from the North-Atlantic world. We propose another type of cooperation, a mainland association. The UK will need to have some control over work portability, too as abandoning the EUs supranational basic leadership. The proposed mainland organization would comprise in partaking in products, administrations, capital versatility and a few impermanent work portability and also in another arrangement of between legislative basic leadership furthermore, the requirement of regular standards to ensure the homogeneity of the profoundly coordinated advertise. The UK would have a say on EU strategies however a definitive formal expert would stay with the EU. This outcome in a Europe with an internal circle, the EU, with profound and political joining, and an external hover with less coordination. As time goes on, this could likewise fill in as a dream for organizing relations with Turkey, Ukraine, and different nations. Tata group of companies one of the main steel exporting company in UK as well as it has more than 19 other companies established in UK including jaguar, land rover etc. Brexit consequences for associations will be guided by how the UK organizes with the EU on development laws and exchange. Nineteen free Tata associations have a proximity in the UK, with various organizations Tata Motors and Tata Steel are two associations with vital wage introduction to Europe, especially the UK.there is a chance to drop down the business but using strategies like general reduce in company tax as well as improvising the business method can help back to get into the business. Every one of the five of the well-known models have their qualities, yet each experiences some imperfection for the UK, which approves the no off-the-rack demonstrate comment of the Prime Minister. Simple WTO enrolment would mean genuine harm to access to the EU showcase for the two merchandise and enterprises; the EEA administration is contrary with the desire to control movement; remaining in the Customs Union would restrict the potential outcomes to lead organized commerce with whatever is left of the world; the Swiss model would not be worthy for the EU; and the Canadian model isnt generally pertinent for a future UK-EU exchange bargain, however more for third-nation cases. There is another 6th model for the Association Agreement with neighbouring nations, including the DFT equation for exchange. This model is additionally not appropriate for discount duplicating, but rather it offers a few highlights of potential enthusiasm to the UK: a structure to outline the imminent UK-EU transactions, a high level of single-showcase incorporation for three of the four flexibilities (merchandise, administrations, capital, however not work), and other legitimate and institutional highlights that the UK would discover not unseemly. REFERENCES Blair, T. (1996). Battle for Britain.  The Guardian,  29(2) Hunt, A., & Wheeler, B. (2017). Brexit: All you need to know about the UK leaving the EU.  BBC News,  25. Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G. I., Sampson, T., & Reenen, J. V. (2016). The consequences of Brexit for UK trade and living standards. Henà ¶kl, T. (2017). How Brexit affects EU external action: The UK’s legacy in European international cooperation.  Futures. Kumar, S. H. (2017). Impact of Brexit on Tata Groups.  DHARANA-Bhavans International   Journal of Business,  11(1), 29-32. Bussià ¨re, M., Fidrmuc, J., & Schnatz, B. (2005). Trade integration of Central and Eastern European countries: Lessons from a gravity model. Lawless, M., & Morgenroth, E. (2016). The Product and Sector Level impact of a hard Brexit across the EU.  ESRI, WP, (550). Goldstein, A. (2008). The internationalization of Indian companies: the case of Tata.  Centre for advanced study on India (CASI) working paper, (08-02).   Ryan, J. (2016). UK referendum and potential Brexit?.  ifo Schnelldienst,  69(10), 10-12.   McMahon, M. (2016). The implications of Brexit for the city.  Brexit beckons: Thinking ahead by leading economists, CEPR Press, London, 95-101.   Emerson, M. (2016). Which model for Brexit? CEPS Special Report No. 147 October 2016. Emerson, M., Busse, M., Di Salvo, M., Gros, D., & Pelkmans, J. (2017). An Assessment of the Economic Impact of Brexit on the EU27. 22 March 2017. Doherty, M. (2016). Through the looking glass: Brexit, free movement and the future.  Kings Law Journal,  27(3), 375-386. Yu, W., Elleby, C., Lind, K. M., & Thomsen, M. N. (2017). Modeling the potential impacts of two BREXIT scenarios on the Danish agricultural sectors. Kumar, S. H. (2017). Impact of Brexit on Tata Groups.  DHARANA-Bhavans International Journal of Business,  11(1), 29-32.) Seabrooke, L., & Wigan, D. (2017). Brexit and Global Wealth Chains.  Globalizations, 1-10. Bailey, D. (2017). Brexit, the UK Auto Industry and Industrial Policy.  Regions Magazine,  306(1), 4-5. www.tatasteel.com www.tata.com

Analysis of Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man

Ralph Ellison wrote the book Invisible Man in the summer of 1945, while on sick leave from the Merchant Marines. Invisible Man is narrated in the first person by an unnamed African American who sees himself as invisible to society. This character is perceived and may be inspired by Ellison himself. Ellison manages to develop a strong philosophy through this character and portrays his struggle to search for his identity. He uses metaphors throughout the book of his invisibility and the blindness of others in which is a part of the examination of the effects of racism. The development of this unnamed â€Å"Afro-American† character helps set the foundation on the philosophy of understanding who he is. The narrator undergoes experiences such as the battle royal, the Tuskegee Institute, the Trueblood visit, and the blueprint seller in which is full of corruption and deceit. In the prologue, the narrator introduces himself as an â€Å"Invisible Man†. He lives in a basement of an apartment building that only allows white tenants. He describes how he steals electricity from the Monopolated Light a...

Developing yourself as an effective hr practitioner †notes Essay

4DEP- notes Assignment- 1) Discuss timeline for HR and how it has evolved to the way it is today. 2) Generalist – Employee resourcing, reward and relation more recently L&D has come in (can break this down further into categories/ specialisms. 3) Self-assessment/ own reflections on analysis, ie appraisal. (look up Myers and Briggs) – Honey and Munford self-assessment – reflect on this and see what they suggest I work on for improvement – discuss my own career aspirations and goals and where I am now in my organisation. How to set the assignment out; Learning outcome one – assessment 1 criteria 1.1 LO1 AC 1.1 Discuss the two core professional areas (map) Global aspect Influence from external – eg. Government How has HR and L&D responded to changes? Discuss bands – 1 – 4 (where am I in these bands? How will I get to band 4? How is it useful for my development?) Activity 1. Describe map as a whole/ what its for, summarise core (as below) pick one form outer core (relevant to my role, discuss band 1or2) and discuss the activities/ knowledge. The core describes the foundation, the ability to have an insight, to lead people, to look for ways to find solutions. Next layer – The professional areas are the activities and knowledge. Outer layer – The behaviours are the approach needed to have in order to do the role. Band 1&2 – pick one to talk about – discuss where I am and why? (from the professional areas pick one from the activities point of view and one from the knowledge) Discuss how the Honey and Mumford test works and how they feel I can improve and go up a band. Activity 2. 2.1 For this one a table is appropriate see below as example; Customer Needs (only one needed in assignment) Line manager Guidance Policies Processes Front line adviser Progression Sickness Grievance Redundancy External recruitment candidate Point of call Responding to queries Start dates Induction Feedback (important) Interview dates How would I prioritise conflicting needs? How will I deliver service on time why is this Important? Delivering service on budget, dealing with difficult customers, handling and resolving complaints. 2.2 Identify different methods of communication and explain the advantages and disadvantages or each. Again a table is fine Email Face to Face Work intranet Advantages – Lots of detail Disadvantages 2.3 Describe how to build and maintain effective service delivery Activity 3. CPD 3.2 Complete map on CIPD website once I have membership. Read associate criteria. Discuss how I need to improve to meet the criteria. Self assessment 3.4 Produce and complete CPD (plan) Example – I want to become an associate member of the CIPD – to do this is will complete this course. 3.3 evaluate options to meet identified development needs 3.1 Importance or CPD paragraph – (not in word count) Challenging myself, development, career plan The importance of CPD is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.5 Reflect on preferment against the plan 4. To be handed in at the end of the course (completed plan)

HIAM350 DiseasePaper

HIAM350 DiseasePaper HIAM350 DiseasePaper Heart Disease Cassi Holtgrave IUPUI HIA-M 350 October 28, 2014 Cardiovascular disease, also known as heart disease, refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart's muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease (Mayo). Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States today. In 2008, over 600,000 Americans died of the disease (Healthline). Although you may think heart disease is a condition that our not so healthy lifestyle has led to, the history of this disease may surprise you. The causes of heart disease, signs, and symptoms are important to recognize because it is very treatable. However, more people than you may think are, and have been, affected by this disease. At the 2009 American Heart Association meeting in Florida, researchers presented study results showing that Egyptian mummies, some 3,500 years old, had evidence of heart disease- specifically atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries. Pharaoh Merenptah, who died in the year 1203 BC, was plagued by atherosclerosis. Nine of 16 other mummies studied also had evidence of the disease. Researchers theorized that diet could be involved. High-status Egyptians ate a lot of fatty meats from cattle, ducks, and geese, and used a lot of salt for food preservation (Healthline). Before understanding the causes of heart disease you should understand how the heart works. The heart is muscular organ slightly situated to the left that pumps blood. Your heart is divided into right and left sides which help to protect oxygen-rich blood from mixing with oxygen-poor blood. Your heart consists of four valves. These valves keep the blood flowing the right way by opening only one way and only when they need to. The conduction system keeps your heart beating in a coordinated and normal rhythm, which keeps blood circulating (Mayo). As you can see, blood flow to and from the heart is vitally important. Therefore , when the blood vessels become blocked in any way you can see what a serious complication this can be to have reduced blood flow through your arteries to your tissues and organs. The causes of heart disease can really vary depending on the specific type of heart disease you have. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and family history are all causes of heart disease. Some of these factors can eventually cause inflammation and irritation of the inner lining of the coronary arteries. Over time, cholesterol in the bloodstream can collect in the inflamed areas and begin to form plaque. This plaque can grow and as it does, the diameter of the artery for blood flow narrows. If the artery narrows by 40% to 50%, blood flow is compromised or decreased enough to potentially cause the symptoms of angina which is chest pains (MedicineNet). It is important to understand what signs and symptoms to look for with heart disease because there a couple different kinds each with their own set of symptoms. The cause of these symptoms can often be mistaken for other conditions. Symptoms may be different for men and women. For instance, men are more likely to have chest pain; women are more likely to have symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea and extreme fatigue. General symptoms can include: chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in your legs or arms if the blood vessels in those parts of your body are narrowed, and pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen or back (Mayo). There are certain people that may have more of a risk of developing heart disease than others. Age plays a role in the development of this disease. The older you get, the greater risk you are. Men

Free Essays on Ad and Ego

The Ad and the Ego Students will never look at an ad the same way again after screening The Ad and the Ego, the first comprehensive examination of advertising and our culture of consumption. The film artfully intercuts clips from hundreds of familiar television ads with insights from Stuart Ewen, Jean Kilbourne, Richard Pollay, Sut Jhally, Bernard McGrane and other noted critics, performing a cultural psychoanalysis of late 20th century America and its principal inhabitants, Consumer Man and Woman. The Ad and the Ego depicts how the market economy has metastasized until today commercialism invades the most intimate aspects of our lives. The average American is exposed to 1500 ads a day. But, like the air we breathe, we pay advertising little attention preferring to believe we're impervious to it. Scholars point out that advertising's constant stream of messages forms the neural network of a consumer society integrating individual psychology, mass culture and commodity production. As the film progresses, we begin to perceive how ads for Nike, Calvin Klein, Oil of Olay, and Suzuki are selling more than products. As Jean Kilbourne argues, they sell us values, concepts of love and sexuality, romance and success, a sense of identity, above all, what is "normal." Leading media critics demonstrate how living in an advertisement infused environment creates a psychology of need, massaging our anxieties, doubts, and discontents, creating a boundless hunger for more things. One message you'll never hear in an ad, sociologist Bernard McGrane observes, is "You're OK." The Ad and the Ego traces advertising's development from its largely descriptive 19th century origins through today's ads which eschew rational arguments for symbols and imagery playing directly to our emotions. Sut Jhally describes ads as "the dream life of our culture" and explains the persuasive techniques they use to invest commodities with powerful prop... Free Essays on Ad and Ego Free Essays on Ad and Ego The Ad and the Ego Students will never look at an ad the same way again after screening The Ad and the Ego, the first comprehensive examination of advertising and our culture of consumption. The film artfully intercuts clips from hundreds of familiar television ads with insights from Stuart Ewen, Jean Kilbourne, Richard Pollay, Sut Jhally, Bernard McGrane and other noted critics, performing a cultural psychoanalysis of late 20th century America and its principal inhabitants, Consumer Man and Woman. The Ad and the Ego depicts how the market economy has metastasized until today commercialism invades the most intimate aspects of our lives. The average American is exposed to 1500 ads a day. But, like the air we breathe, we pay advertising little attention preferring to believe we're impervious to it. Scholars point out that advertising's constant stream of messages forms the neural network of a consumer society integrating individual psychology, mass culture and commodity production. As the film progresses, we begin to perceive how ads for Nike, Calvin Klein, Oil of Olay, and Suzuki are selling more than products. As Jean Kilbourne argues, they sell us values, concepts of love and sexuality, romance and success, a sense of identity, above all, what is "normal." Leading media critics demonstrate how living in an advertisement infused environment creates a psychology of need, massaging our anxieties, doubts, and discontents, creating a boundless hunger for more things. One message you'll never hear in an ad, sociologist Bernard McGrane observes, is "You're OK." The Ad and the Ego traces advertising's development from its largely descriptive 19th century origins through today's ads which eschew rational arguments for symbols and imagery playing directly to our emotions. Sut Jhally describes ads as "the dream life of our culture" and explains the persuasive techniques they use to invest commodities with powerful prop...

Recommendations Of The Bromley Serious Case Review The WritePass Journal

Recommendations Of The Bromley Serious Case Review Abstract Recommendations Of The Bromley Serious Case Review ). This principle is also set out in the Family Law Reform Act 1995. The Family Law Act 1975 was amended to include the legal principle that the childs best interest be regarded as paramount in any litigation concerning child upbringing (Family Law Council 2004). This principle would be at the heart of the assessment process. That is, the welfare of the child would be given paramount consideration and a checklist of factors would be considered before reaching a decision on whether or not to place the child under protection programs. Fig.1 Genogram illustrating the strength of family relationships (DH 2008) A genogram can be used to illustrate the strength of the family relationships. That is, how close or far apart the family members are, how flexible they are and how well they respond to each others needs. Fig.3 Ecomap showing the relationship between the child with immediate family, wider kin and the community An ecomap can also be drawn to illustrate the relationship of the child with immediate family, the wider kin and the community at large. The centre of focus will be the child as shown in fig.2 To indicate the strength of the relationship, I would used different types of lines as shown below: Assessments relating to Adults in the family But conducting assessments from the viewpoint of the child is important for safeguarding and ensuring developmental needs of the child, it would only be fair and ethical for assessments to be conducted with due regard for the needs of all family members. Assessments relating to the adults in the family should have been done as well in Bromley Special Case Review. It should be noted that neglectful families do not just exist in a vacuum. A number of factors can contribute to parents maltreatment of their children including factors such as lack of community support, society characteristics, deprived neighbourhoods, family stress, domestic violence, parents childhood and developmental history and many other factors (DePanfilis 2006). Parents views with regard to issues of child protection concerns have been well documented. In their study of short-term accommodation, Aldgate Bradley (1999) found that parents were reluctant to seek for support from social services due to fears of: Losing their children to child protection enquiries Being perceived failed parents (DOH 2000) Whilst parents may be in need of help and support from social services, the fear of losing their children to child protection agencies and being seen as failed parents deter them from seeking the much needed support. They want help but not at the cost of forfeiting their parental responsibilities (DOH 2000) It is also important to understand the role played by the wider family in providing support. Sometimes, extended families may not provide the much needed support or may be caught up in their own problems (Trevithick 2000). Additionally, parents may not wish to acknowledge to their wider kin about the problems facing them. It is difficult for people seeking help to state their needs especially when these needs are tangled amid feelings of confusion, humiliation, fear and despair (Trevithick 2000). Similarly, it would be necessary to assess the role played by the community in providing practical and emotional support to the family. Social workers must chart both the relationship of parents with the wider kin and their current wider connections to their communities. The absence of physical and emotional support limits the adults sense of wellbeing and control (DH 2008). There is also need to consider the impact that environment may have on parental capacity. This is a factor which has been given little consideration in social work. The concerns over the omission of environmental considerations in sociological research have been noted by Jack (1997) and Stevenson (1998). However, research studies have shown that children living in economically deprived neighbourhoods are the most affected, often with deterioration in their health and poor educational development (DH 2008). Environmental considerations have an impact on both the children and the young adults’ ability to succeed as effective parents. Social isolation from the community combined with lack of support from extended families and deprived neighbourhoods can adversely impact on parents mental and physical health. As a social worker in Bromley case, I would have also conducted an assessment relating to the adults in the family. The assessment would focus on the needs of the family and how these needs impact on their parenting behaviour. A key distinguishing factor between this assessment with that of the child is that it looks at the relationships between the adults in the family, the extended family and wider community, and examines how this impacts on their parenting capacity (Parker Bradley 2000). Also, the focus of assessment is mainly on the adult. The assessment examines the needs of the adult and whether these needs have been met. The legal basis that guides this assessment comprise of a range of legislations such as The Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1996, NHS, Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 and subsequent statutory guidance (Parker Bradley 2000). On the other hand, the legal basis guiding the assessment relating to children is The Children Act 1989 and Subsequent Statutory guidance. How I would conduct assessments with due regards to needs of all family members To ensure that all the family members are involved, it would be necessary to use a structured interview protocol. This would ensure thorough gathering of information, accuracy of information gathered, and an increase in staff control over the assessment process. Most importantly, the involvement of all family members would ensure that the assessment is done with due regards for the needs of all the family members. As such, face to face interviews would be conducted in the following order: First, with the child Second, with siblings interviews with adult caretakers Interviews with the parent who is alleged to have maltreated the child And finally, with the family as a whole Interviewing the identified child The interview with the child will seek to gather information about the child maltreatment and assess the childs immediate safety needs. Information collected at this point include: the childs explanation, the childs current conditions, severity of the maltreatment, effects such as fear and extreme withdrawal, the childs characteristics, and the child’s perception of their relationship with parents and others in the household (NDHHS 2005). Interview with siblings After interviewing the child, I would then conduct an interview with the siblings and other children in the household. The purpose is to determine whether these children have also experienced maltreatment and to assess their level of vulnerability. Interviewing the caretakers This will be followed by an interview with the custodians or rather the caretakers. At this stage, I would seek the caretakers personal opinion about the childs vulnerability to maltreatment and determine the parents capacity to protect the child. Information gathered from the interview include: the approach to and view of parenting, relationship with the children, methods used to discipline the children, relationships with extended family, view of supports from the wider community and the climate of the neighbourhood (Holland 2004). Interview with the alleged maltreating parent This is yet another crucial point of the assessment process. The abusive parent will be interviewed to check and get a confirmation from them whether allegations of maltreatment did actually occur. Information gathered from the interview with the parent would include: the parents view of the child, his/her explanations about the alleged maltreatment, the parents response to the incident, the approach to parenting, relationship with the children, and relationship with the wider kin and the community (NDHHS 2005).   Close interviews with family Having completed the interviews, I would convene the family and share with them a summary of my findings, seek their individual responses, show appreciation of their participation, and discuss key concerns raised about the child maltreatment. With the interviews with the participants completed, I would then analyze the information collected for purposes of making informed decisions. Analysis of information gathered relating to the adults I would examine whether the family has been benefiting from ‘direct payments’ as provided for under The Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1996. This act bestows power to the local authority to make direct cash payments to individuals who are in need of care as opposed to providing those persons community care services (Glasby Littlechild 2009). It is expected that these individuals use the money to secure themselves the services that they need. The service is provided by the government as a means of self-directed support to increase autonomy and independence of people (Duffy 2007). Specific issues that I would considered in the review   Has the family been receiving direct payments from the government as provided for under The Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1996? Is there a clear evidence of significant harm to the child? Given that the father suffered from epilepsy, did the medical condition hinder his parenting ability and did he receive support from the extended family? Did the agencies involved identify the needs of the family and did they seek to address these needs by providing them with the much needed support? What is the relationship between the parents and the community? And how has isolation and lack of community support adversely affected their parenting capacity? How has the neighbourhood impacted on the parents mental and physical health? Were the wishes and feelings of the adults in the family considered and adequately addressed? Were appropriate care plans to support parenting capacity put in place by the agencies involved? What could have been the outcome if these parents had received support from the extended families and community at large? Do assessments appear to have been reached in an informed and professional way having had due regards for the needs of all family members? A focus of the assessment on the adults in the family does not imply that the problem of child maltreatment has been forgotten. This family focused approach is to ensure the best outcome for both the child and adults in the family. The principles of family focused practice affirm the primary importance of ensuring the child’s well-being and recognizing the mutual significance of the child and the family (Kendall et al. 2010). I would then think of interventions that will serve the interests of both the children and adults in the family. A range factors can be used to select the appropriate intervention. Among these factors is the appropriate application of social work methods developed from psychosocial theories (DH 2008). These methods include family therapy, cognitive behavioural work, crisis intervention, psychosocial casework, task-centred casework and counseling among many others (DH 2008).   The choice of the method would be influenced by the knowledge of what works under particular circumstances. Fig.1 developmental and ecological perspective of child maltreatment (DH 2008) Another important dimension that I would consider in the assessment is the decision whether to place the child in protection program or to have the child looked after at home. Should the decision be made for the child to be placed in protective custody, I would consider factors surrounding placement including plans for adoption or reunification (DOH 2000). Conclusion Whilst concerns about a childs health and development remains a core professional activity of social care agencies, these agencies have not always acted in the best interest of the child. A prime example of this can be seen with the Serious Case Review in Bromley which revealed a significant neglect of two boys despite the involvement of various agencies. The review found that agencies had overlooked the possibility that the boys might suffer physical harm. Based on the assessment, it was recommended that processes of assessment and reviews be always informed by attempts to understand the situation from the viewpoint of the child. But as we have seen, assessments should be conducted with due regard to the needs of all family members. Assessments should be conducted in relation to the children in the family and adults as well. An evidence based approach that involves identifying, gathering and using the evidence to support and evaluate the given approaches to assessment should be taken. Interventions that serve the interests of both the parents and the children should be implemented. Interventions can take the form of therapy, cognitive behavioural work, crisis intervention, psychosocial casework, task-centred casework and counseling among many others.   The choice of intervention is influenced by the knowledge of what works under particular circumstances. Reference Aldgate, J. and Bradley, M., 1999. Supporting Families through Short Term Fostering. The Stationery Office, London. Bromley Safeguarding Adults Board (BSAB), 2011. Bromley Serious Case Review Protocol. Bromley Safeguarding Adults Board. BSAB, 2011. Child D and Child B:   A Serious Case Review. Bromley Safeguarding Adults Board Department of Health (DH), 2000. Assessing Children in Need and their Families: Practice Guidance. TSO Department of Health (DH), 2007, Putting People First. TSO Department of Health (DH), 2008. Carers at the heart of 21st century families and communities: a caring system on your side, a life of your own.   Department of Health. DePanfilis, D., 2006. Child neglect: a guide for prevention, assessment and intervention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Duffy, S., 2007. ‘Care Management and Self Directed Support’. Journal of Integrated Care Volume 15 (5) Family Law Council, 2004. The Child Paramountcy Principle in the Family Law Act. Discussion paper Glasby, J. and Littlechild, R., 2009. Direct Payments and Personal Budgets: Putting Personalisation Into Practice. Bristol: Policy Press Holland, S., 2004. Children and Family Assessment in Social Work Practice. Sage publications Iowa Foster and Adoptive Parents Association (Ifapa), 2010. The child abuse assessment: a guide for foster parents. Iowa Foster and Adoptive Parents Association. Jack, G., 1997. ‘An Ecological Approach to Social Work with Children and Families’. Child and Family Social Work. 2: 109–120. Kendall, S., Rodger, J. and Palmer, H., 2010. The use of whole family assessment to identify the needs of families with multiple problems. Department for Education Laming, H., 2003. The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report.. London. TSO Millner,J. and Byrne, 2010. Assessment in Social Work. 3rd edition. Palgrave Nebraska Department of Health and Human services (NDHHS), 2005. Initial assessment guide book, Nebraska Department of Health and Human services NSPCC, 2012. An introduction to child protection legislation in the UK. NSPCC Parker,J. and Bradley, G., 2000. Social Work Practice- Assessment, Planning, Intervention and Review. Learning Matters Sharkey, P., 2006. The essentials of community care: a guide for practitioners. London: Palgrave Smale, G. and Tuson, G., 1993. Assessment, Care Management the Skilled Worker. Macmillan Stevenson, O., 1998. Neglected Children: Issues and Dilemmas. Blackwell Science, Oxford. Trevithick, P., 2000. Social Work Skills: A Practice Handbook. OPU White, A., 2005. Assessment of parenting capacity. Centre for Parenting Research

Discussion DB 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion DB 5 - Essay Example Given below are the three products for which the consumer demand has been found decreasing for the recent years. Carbonated soft-drinks Until the recent years, the per capita consumption of carbonated soft-drinks has been increasing at a high speed in the established markets. However, the demographic trends have caused the products to reach at their decline stage. Throughout the established countries, teenagers and youngsters contributed the most part of consumers for soft drinks. The decline of popularity in these countries can also be attributed to the decreasing birth rates and ageing populations, for the condition would reduce the demand for the carbonated soft-drink products. The number of people most likely to consume carbonated soft-drink products declined to a very low level in the established markets. Another important problem is the society’s increased focus on â€Å"health and fitness, well-being, and their anxiety about obesity†; for example, Coca-Cola has b ecome the victim of this phenomenon recently (â€Å"Coca-cola innovates†, 2010). Toilet soaps The consumer demand for the toilet soaps has gone down to its lowest point. Firms find it difficult to move their toilet products, especially soaps out of the market.

Patient-centric healthcare Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patient-centric healthcare - Coursework Example e has become of great help to most people since people can choose to receive medical help even outside hospital; for instance for outpatient services. However, patient-centric healthcare may not be supported by all healthcare organizations hence the need for public awareness whereby the public is reminded of the need to decide their healthcare services. The clinical decision support system (CDSS) as explained by Rick Mansour and Martha Thorne in another Case Study is most essential in the patient-centric healthcare (Mansour & Thorne, 2014). This is because it is a strategy that upgrades the quality of services offered to the patient’s right from diagnosis to prescription. The system accomplishes its tasks through collection of data from various hospital departments and also analysing the satisfaction of the patient with the services offered. Therefore the CDSS is very important in ensuring that all patients are attended to in the best way possible and given the best healthcare ever. The CDSS has also helped hospitals to make meaningful conclusions on the various kinds of data it collects. The data can be narrowed down into reports which will be later used to provide the best guidelines of handling specific conditions in the report e.g. a report written about asthma will indicate the successes and failures encountered when handling the condition and the various reactions to treatment by patients. Some countries e.g. the United States have created a forum whereby the data is exchanged through various healthcare centres for better services and also for brainstorming purposes (Wilkerson, Henricks, Castellani, Whitsitt, & Sinard, 2015). However CDSS has a task of collecting only viable and useful data and this involves very sophisticated techniques. The data should be highly filtered and gotten from various sources so that irrelevant data is avoided hence it is a very tedious activity and it also involves high risks. Another negative effect of CDSS can be the

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example This process involved balancing the needs of the insurer, patients and hospital (Primeaux & Pava, 2009). The managers are expected to have the interests of the patients at heart. The process of resisting the conflict of interests and ensuring proper medical procedures are followed without affecting the morale of nurses is a tough balancing act. Nurses can easily feel offended, demoralized or ignored depending on the skills and effectiveness of a case manager (Ulrich et al, 2010). The increasing pressure in the nursing profession demands that healthcare professionals get acquainted to the growing pressure in the nursing field. Nurses are expected to act morally in difficult medical situations. Nurse Managers are faced with the dilemma of balancing patients’ care and supervisory roles. Management responsibilities and active attention on patients demands that nurses pay special care in multiple aspects within the medical field. The call to extra responsibility has proved to be a dilemma as the medical field continues to suffer from acute shortage of medical personnel (Icheku, 2011). Managing multidisciplinary teams requires specialized training (Toren & Wagner, 2010). ... The nurses are expected to co-work with doctors while delivering patient care. Ensuring ethical issues have been fulfilled demands that a team-approach be necessitated. Case managers are answerable to multiple parties (Munhall, 2012). This makes them face multiple dilemmas. Violation of treatment and other medical services can attract legal redress (Ulrich et al, 2010). The act of balancing the needs and requirements of stakeholders in the medical profession is delicate. Nurse Managers or case managers must have the skills to determine successful outcomes in different cases (Icheku, 2011). The multiple dimensions of outcomes should be noted. This means considering the impact they have on patients, nurses, the hospital and other parties (Primeaux & Pava, 2009). Successful outcomes have different implications to different people. The process involves weighing the advisedness of health services (Toren & Wagner, 2010). The managers are expected to have the capacity to weigh the probabili ty of each outcome. This is important in evaluation the course of action to take (Munhall, 2012). This can attract re-examination. Managers are expected to rise above medical needs to create an atmosphere that accommodates other non medical stakeholders. Practice dilemmas evoke distressing reactions from nurse managers. The dilemmas revolve around professional conflicts, inadequate resources and patient care concerns (Munhall, 2012). Moral stress is increasingly becoming common in the nursing profession. This is because of the struggle to make decisions that involve conflict multiple ethical principles. Nurse Managers are bothered by the need to balance patient autonomy to ensure the required results are achieved. Moral dilemmas in the nursing profession have

Dark Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dark Tourism - Essay Example On the other hand, the prevalence of the practice seems to indicate that there is wide appeal among people from all walks of life for dark tourism, and that there seems to be no common agreement as to whether the practice appeals to those who are seemingly inclined to dark tourism to satisfy some inner dark craving, or whether dark tourism as a practice is one that is essentially spiritual, or that serve some higher spiritual purpose. At any rate it is apparent from the large body of literature on the subject matter that dark tourism is prevalent, is institutionalized, and does not seem to incite people to commit crimes, or to trample on the rights of other people, and in some cases have some spiritual merit for those who pursue dark tourism, in terms of being able to precisely confront death and the darker side of human nature. This paper posits that depending on the motive and depending on whether the practice transgresses the fundamental rights and liberties of people, then from a philosophical perspective, dark tourism can be philosophically ethical or not. This paper further posits that some forms of dark tourism are ethical and some are not ethical, and it is the duty of the authorities to make sure that places that become popular dark tourist destinations are configured, and the travels and trips so structured, so that they do not cause harm to others both living and dead, and conform to common standards of decency and ethics. (Katz 2006; Mulin 2013; Stone and Sharpley 2008; Roberts 2013).

Emergency Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief Essay

Emergency Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief - Essay Example However, this restriction is narrowly tailored as it does not consider that motorists reduce at certain times of the day and it also does not properly define what street performance encompasses. 12. The plaintiff alleges that the ordinance is stated vaguely and can have many meanings ascribed to it and as such it has impermissibly restrictive speech. This gives room for wrongful incarceration. 13. This is an action by the plaintiff for declaratory relief due to the current legal stake that the defendant has no legal standing or rights to enforce ordinance that purports to outlaw all street performances along St. Georges street. 14. As set forth above, the defendant cannot satisfy the legal standing requirements with this vague section of the constitution. As set forth above, the plaintiff will suffer loss and irreparable harm in case the relief is not granted. Other street performers will also suffer the same fate (Elias 112). 18. This action for emergency injunction is temporary. Plaintiffs use the St. Georges Street and the defendant shows no satisfaction of the mere necessary legal standing to enforce section 22-9 of the constitution. 19. Specific facts set forth so far demonstrate that there is need for an emergency injunction to be granted; otherwise the plaintiff and other street performers could suffer irreparable damage and loss. Therefore, with all evidence and legal stake withholding, the plaintiffs respectfully request the court to consider this matter and grant injunctive relief cancelling the blockade and impeding of the Southard Street for the reasons set forth hereinabove (Bastiat

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Psychology - Essay Example Behaviorism Strength- the learner targets a clear goal and is very familiar with the goals’ requirements. Weakness- the learners may occasionally not find the right stimulus for the right response. Answers for question # 2 Sapir-Whorf’s linguistic relativity hypothesis proposes that â€Å"the particular language we speak influences the way we think about reality† (Dennis & John, 2008). This hypothesis, however, has met a lot of critics from other psychologists. For example, Carol suggested that this hypothesis still needs much attention as there are controversies that still surround it. She stated, â€Å"Perhaps it is the suggestion that all one’s life one has been tricked, all unaware, by the structure of the language into a certain way of perceiving reality† (Dennis & John, 2008). The essence of her statement is that, when people grow up and begin realizing reality from their own experiences, they may start disputing what their languages initially taught them. Answers for question # 3 Crystallized intelligence this is the capacity to utilize knowledge, experience and skills. It should not be likened to knowledge or memory as it does not depend on finding information from long-term memory. Fluid intelligence also called fluid reasoning is the ability to solve problems and think logically in every situation irrespective of the acquired knowledge. It includes both the deductive and inductive reasoning. It involves application of the best logics in solving problems. Answers for question # 4 Both the aptitude and achievement tests determine a learner’s general performance over a wide range of mental capabilities. However, the amplitude test further measure specialized abilities including numerical and verbal skills to guess the student’s earlier academic performance in educational programs. Achievement tests are closely associated with the current achievements on specific school subjects. Answers for question # 5 Th e validity of a standardized test is its usefulness and accuracy. Reliability of a standardized test on the other side is the capacity of the standardized test to give consistence results. Both the parameters are used by psychologists to effectively measure what they are testing. It is important to note that validity depends on reliability i.e. validity is not applicable without reliability. Answers for question # 6 Mental retardation refers to an individual’s current level of functioning. The primary levels of mental retardation that psychologists use to classify people include limitation in adaptive behavior and limitation in intelligence. Accurate diagnosis involves three components; origins of disability before 18 years of age, determinations of adaptive behavior shortfalls, and IQ score of about � or below. Answers for question # 7 Intellectually gifted people are more efficient at leaning new ideas and performing activities more than normally intelligent individuals. The success of an individual in life based on the IQ score is relative in, that intellectually gifted people have to exercise their gifts effectively to achieve success in life. But generally, intellectually gifted people have been observed to come up with new ideas, discoveries and developments that have made them more successful in life than the normally intellectual individuals. Answers for que

Dark Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dark Tourism - Essay Example On the other hand, the prevalence of the practice seems to indicate that there is wide appeal among people from all walks of life for dark tourism, and that there seems to be no common agreement as to whether the practice appeals to those who are seemingly inclined to dark tourism to satisfy some inner dark craving, or whether dark tourism as a practice is one that is essentially spiritual, or that serve some higher spiritual purpose. At any rate it is apparent from the large body of literature on the subject matter that dark tourism is prevalent, is institutionalized, and does not seem to incite people to commit crimes, or to trample on the rights of other people, and in some cases have some spiritual merit for those who pursue dark tourism, in terms of being able to precisely confront death and the darker side of human nature. This paper posits that depending on the motive and depending on whether the practice transgresses the fundamental rights and liberties of people, then from a philosophical perspective, dark tourism can be philosophically ethical or not. This paper further posits that some forms of dark tourism are ethical and some are not ethical, and it is the duty of the authorities to make sure that places that become popular dark tourist destinations are configured, and the travels and trips so structured, so that they do not cause harm to others both living and dead, and conform to common standards of decency and ethics. (Katz 2006; Mulin 2013; Stone and Sharpley 2008; Roberts 2013).

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Psychology - Essay Example Behaviorism Strength- the learner targets a clear goal and is very familiar with the goals’ requirements. Weakness- the learners may occasionally not find the right stimulus for the right response. Answers for question # 2 Sapir-Whorf’s linguistic relativity hypothesis proposes that â€Å"the particular language we speak influences the way we think about reality† (Dennis & John, 2008). This hypothesis, however, has met a lot of critics from other psychologists. For example, Carol suggested that this hypothesis still needs much attention as there are controversies that still surround it. She stated, â€Å"Perhaps it is the suggestion that all one’s life one has been tricked, all unaware, by the structure of the language into a certain way of perceiving reality† (Dennis & John, 2008). The essence of her statement is that, when people grow up and begin realizing reality from their own experiences, they may start disputing what their languages initially taught them. Answers for question # 3 Crystallized intelligence this is the capacity to utilize knowledge, experience and skills. It should not be likened to knowledge or memory as it does not depend on finding information from long-term memory. Fluid intelligence also called fluid reasoning is the ability to solve problems and think logically in every situation irrespective of the acquired knowledge. It includes both the deductive and inductive reasoning. It involves application of the best logics in solving problems. Answers for question # 4 Both the aptitude and achievement tests determine a learner’s general performance over a wide range of mental capabilities. However, the amplitude test further measure specialized abilities including numerical and verbal skills to guess the student’s earlier academic performance in educational programs. Achievement tests are closely associated with the current achievements on specific school subjects. Answers for question # 5 Th e validity of a standardized test is its usefulness and accuracy. Reliability of a standardized test on the other side is the capacity of the standardized test to give consistence results. Both the parameters are used by psychologists to effectively measure what they are testing. It is important to note that validity depends on reliability i.e. validity is not applicable without reliability. Answers for question # 6 Mental retardation refers to an individual’s current level of functioning. The primary levels of mental retardation that psychologists use to classify people include limitation in adaptive behavior and limitation in intelligence. Accurate diagnosis involves three components; origins of disability before 18 years of age, determinations of adaptive behavior shortfalls, and IQ score of about � or below. Answers for question # 7 Intellectually gifted people are more efficient at leaning new ideas and performing activities more than normally intelligent individuals. The success of an individual in life based on the IQ score is relative in, that intellectually gifted people have to exercise their gifts effectively to achieve success in life. But generally, intellectually gifted people have been observed to come up with new ideas, discoveries and developments that have made them more successful in life than the normally intellectual individuals. Answers for que